It is related to the ecological well-being of the people and the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin to protect the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin and promote the construction of ecological belts. Henan Province is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin. This article constructs an index system from five dimensions: residential environment, economic environment, public services, infrastructure and ecological environment. Based on the statistical yearbook of Henan Province in the past five years and the data of China Rural Statistical Yearbook, the entire Henan Province and the main 18 prefecture-level cities were evaluated using the entropy method for rural human settlement environment. On the whole, the rural human settlement environment in Henan Province has been in a slow growth stage in the past five years, and all cities have been in a fluctuating growth stage. The government should adjust measures to local conditions and strengthen ecological environment control on the premise of maintaining sustained and stable economic development.