The aim of our studies was to assess the pollution resulting from burning fossil fuels and their emission lines (expressways). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of inorganic and organic pollutants, including PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) adsorbed on the surfaces, or formed through thermal decomposition of used biomarkers, was based on coupled techniques such as ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry), GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy), and TG-FTIR (thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy).
In terms of urban areas and highways, sources of inorganic and organic pollutants are motor vehicles. Studies based on the use of the measuring apparatus do not give information on the impacts on living organisms of the pollutants such as heavy metals or PAH. Observation creates the possibility of such bioindicators. Qualitative and quantitative bioindicators exposed to environmental toxins can identify the natural environmental conditions because organisms having characteristics of bioindicators respond to changes in the biotope. They have high sensitivity to toxic substances or high degrees of tolerance against entering toxins. Bio vesicular Pleurozium schreberi (Willd.) Mitten is commonly used.