As a common plant in Momoge Wetland, Scirpus planiculmis is the major food source for Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus), which is one of the most valuable waterfowl in Momoge Wetland. Through a simulation experiment, this study investigated the effects of different water table depths (-5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm) and salinities (300, 1,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg/L) on the eco-physiological characteristics (height, leaf area per plant, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence) of Scirpus planiculmis. The results indicate that for the seedlings of Scirpus planiculmis, the effects of water depth on plant height, leaf area per plant, and chlorophyll content were significant, while salinity affected height increment, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. For the plants of Scirpus planiculmis, the water depth had a significant effect on height increment and chlorophyll content, while salinity had a significant effect on height increment, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. These results indicate a suitable ecological response thresholds of water table and salinity on the growth of Scirpus planiculmis seedlings and plants, which were 5-10 cm and less than 3,000 mg/L for seedlings, 30 cm and 300-4,000 mg/L for plants.