This study analyzes the effects of cold air on catecholamine (CA) levels. The CA levels of patients with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, healthy people, Wistar rats, and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were determined before, during, and after cold air activity. The levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and adrenaline (AD in humans and experimental animals changed in all three periods of cold air activity. The change in DA levels was statistically significant (P<0.05). The DA, NE, and AD levels in the controls and the Wistar rats increased during cold air activity and decreased after cold air activity. The variation in CA levels was not exactly the same between the SHR rats and the cardio-cerebrovascular disease patients. The special meteorological conditions caused by cold air affects CA secretion, which induces the occurrence, develop- ment, and outcome of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, the results of the animal experiments could not be directly extrapolated to humans.