ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Nitrogenous Nutrition Affects Uptake of Arsenic
and Defense Enzyme Responses in Wheat
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1 |
Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center SAS , Akademická 2,
P.O.Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia |
2 |
Constantine the Philosopher University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mathematics,
Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic |
3 |
Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic |
4 |
Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic |
5 |
University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology,
J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic |
6 |
Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology,
Ilkovičova 3278/6, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Monika Bardáčová
Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Námestie J. Herdu 2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovak Republic
Submission date: 2020-05-06
Final revision date: 2020-09-16
Acceptance date: 2020-09-27
Online publication date: 2021-02-04
Publication date: 2021-03-08
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2021;30(3):2213–2231
KEYWORDS
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ABSTRACT
Nitrogenous nutrition influences the availability of other plant resources and, consequently,
affects plant defense responses. Both a shortage and excess of N impact plants´ ability to accumulate
and survive metals/metalloids, but available data are still fragmented and often contradictory.
A series of 8 different NH4NO3 concentrations, ranging from zero to excessive nitrogen (35 mM N),
was applied in growth media to hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum). The plants were
grown at a sublethal concentration of arsenic (5 mM As3+) for 10 days and foliar accumulation of
As, N and P was determined. In addition, induction of defense-related chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase
enzyme isoforms was quantified upon the separation of plant protein extracts in polyacrylamide
gels. As3+ interfered with N and P accumulation in shoots and strongly activated several enzyme
isoforms. These responses varied with the N supply and indicated a low rate of As accumulation at
low N concentrations. On the other hand, limited As transfer to shoots was a clear benefit at high N
concentrations. Nevertheless, both extreme N concentrations restricted the growth. Several enzyme
isoforms of both chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases exerted sensitivity to As3+, N supply or both. Their
individual responses, however, contradict the generally accepted view on positive correlation between
these defense molecules and N nutrition. Impacts of interplay between As3+ toxicity and nutritional stress on wheat responses are discussed. The results might contribute to knowledge applicable in
efficient fertilization and food safety strategies.