In order to verify the applicability of Khazzoom-Brookes hypothesis in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration, an undesirable Super-SBM model is constructed to calculate the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of the 13 cities in BTH urban agglomeration from 2007 to 2020 and a measurement model of energy rebound effect (ERE) is built to study the energy rebound effect in BTH urban agglomeration. The TFEE-ERE matrix is constructed to cluster the TFEE and ERE of the 13 cities. The results show that there exist great differences in TFEE among the 13 cities in BTH urban agglomeration. Except for Beijing, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan and Cangzhou, other cities’ TFEE values are still at a middle-low level with no obvious improvement trend. The development modes of the 13 cities are divided into four categories, and the development road map of TFEE-increase and ERE-decrease for the 13 cities is provided. The framework system, modeling methods and conclusions of this study are of certain significance for related issues in other urban agglomerations, and also of important values for the formulation of energy management related policies.