Low-impact development (LID) is generally regarded as an effective solution for urban stormwater management. However, the effects of LID on storm flooding on an urban drainage systems scale have not been fully understood under different rainfall characteristics. In this paper, using a high-density residential catchment in China as a case study, the PCSWMM model is applied to simulate the control effects of seven LID land layout scenarios on water quantity and quality of rainfall runoff under different rainfall return periods, durations, and locations of peak rainfall intensity. The simulations indicated the following results: (1) All seven LID scenarios are more effective in flood control during smaller rainfall return periods and longer rainfall duration storms, and the influence of locations of peak rainfall intensity on the rainfall runoff is not obvious. (2) Permeable pavement is the best choice in single LID measures, and the combination of permeable pavement, vegetative swale, and a green roof is the best choice among combined LID layouts. This paper gives insight into the performance of LID designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective sponge city construction.