Dental restorative materials have long-lasting contact with the oral cavity environment and may affect saliva composition. The aim of our study was to compare the composition and morphological activity of salivary cells in patients with amalgam and composite material restorations. Salivary smears of mixed non-stimulated saliva were prepared using typical histological methods. Oral epithelial and inflow cells were investigated. Significant morphological changes were observed in the salivary smears in patients with amalgam restorations. There was a slight difference in salivary cells in patients with composite restorations in comparison to the control group.