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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Species Diversity and Phytosociological
Study of Herbaceous Layer
of Rangeland Ecosystem
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200-Pakistan
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan 32200-Punjab, Pakistan
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1875 N. 38th Street, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
5
Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2023-12-11
Acceptance date: 2024-04-08
Online publication date: 2024-08-02
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Faisal Hussain
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2359-2374
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The present study was proposed to work on species diversity and phytosociological study of the
herbaceous layer at eight different sites in the surrounding area of Dera Ghazi Khan, particularly Choti
Zareen, to determine a comprehensive phytosociological analysis, assessment of species diversity,
and distribution of herbaceous species. The sampling data was obtained to analyze density, relative
density, frequency, relative frequency, the IVI index, and to conduct the analysis of species diversity
in herbaceous and dynamic communities. For this purpose, a total of 400 quadrats were selected for
the evaluation of 8 different sites by identifying and analyzing various indices (Shannon Diversity-
Index (H), species evenness, their variance, and Simpson index D). During the period of field surveys,
120 herbaceous species were analyzed, belonging to 92 genera, and distributed in 35 different families.
Our phytosociological analysis revealed that Chloris flagellifera in site no. 2 with IVI 22.9, followed
by Aerva javanica with IVI 13.24, were found to be the most dominant species as compared to others,
respectively. The highest density was 38 plant/m2 recorded in sampling site no. 4. The highest species
richness was 30 at site no. 2. The highest values of the Shannon Diversity Index (H) and Simp Index
(D) are also shown at site 2. The phytosociological analysis of the studied sites provides valuable insight to ecologists for the management and conservation of plant diversity, which is influenced by many
climatic factors such as water, air, and rain, as well as anthropogenic stress.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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