In this study we summarize spectroscopic methods used in Pb isotopic analyses as well as show the role of the methods in modern soil science. The study is focused mainly on Pb isotopes due to their wide applications in soil sciences, especially in solving environmental problems. Pb and Sr isotopic composition-based methods are effective when distinguishing a two-source mixture, and comparing with the known signature of a potential pollution source. Advancing analytical methods and more data containing isotopic composition from many natural and anthropogenic sources gives them a much higher possibility of use. This text shows the wide use of spectroscopic methods and their impact on many aspects of environmental science.