The aim of this research is to assess the water quality of the Liangtang River. Water samples were collected from seven sampling stations and four heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, and chromium) were determined by spectroscopic technique. Physical and chemical parameters, including pH, DO, NH⁺₄, TN, TP, and COD also were determined from seven water sampling stations sited along the river. It has been found that chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), ammonia nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in upstream sites were lower than those of the downstream sites, indicating pollutants being discharged along its course. Analyses also have shown that CODcr, NH⁺₄-N, TN, and TP have a very significant positive correlation between each other, while NH⁺₄-N, TN, and TP have a negative correlation with DO. The major sources of pollution in Liangtan River are urban wastewaters, wastewaters from industries, and other anthropogenic activities along the river. We proposed the strategies that can be applied for pollution reduction.