ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessing Drinking Water Quality in Punjab, Pakistan
Naeem Shahid1, Zahida Zia1, Muhammad Shahid1, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat1, Seham Anwar2, Ghulam Mustafa Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf1
 
More details
Hide details
 
1Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan 2College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
 
 
Submission date: 2015-03-12
 
 
Final revision date: 2015-05-07
 
 
Acceptance date: 2015-05-07
 
 
Publication date: 2015-11-27
 
 
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2015;24(6):2597-2606
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Access to safe drinking water is crucial for healthy human life. Our study aimed to investigate the concentration of various pollutants in water samples collected from student hostels of the University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan, and the potential risk of these pollutants for health. A total of 18 samples from 12 different locations were assessed for physical, biological, and chemical contaminants using standard methods. The concentrations of arsenic (As) and coliform bacteria were above the international standards given by the World Health Organization (WHO). The range of As concentration was from 24.92 to 32.72 μg·L-1. Similarly, the two water samples showed bacterial contamination 38 MPN/100 mL and 21 MPN/100 mL – exceeding the standard value set by WHO (0 MPN/100 mL). We conclude that drinking water quality was poor, as is evident from the high concentration of As. Urgent measures are required to prevent such contamination and regular monitoring of drinking water quality in the study area.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
 
CITATIONS (41):
1.
Assessment and public perception of drinking water quality and safety in district Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan
Samina Khalid, Behzad Murtaza, Iram Shaheen, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Tahira Abbas, Fariha Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf, Sana Khalid, Sunaina Abbas, Muhammad Imran
Journal of Cleaner Production
 
2.
Analysis of Physical Chemical Drinking Water Quality Parameters in Sialkot
Humaira Kanwal, M. Adil Khan, Asif Nazir, Usama Khan, Mazhar Yasin, Atteq Ur Rehman, Sadaf Noshin, Khuram Riaz, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Asim
Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences
 
3.
An Overview of Microbial Fuel Cells within Constructed Wetland for Simultaneous Nutrient Removal and Power Generation
N. Paucar, Chikashi Sato
Energies
 
4.
Histopathological examination and transcriptome analyses to assess the acute toxic effects of arsenite exposure on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus)
Lixia Shi, Xudong Hu, Nenghan Wang, Huifang Liang, Chenxi Wu, Hong Cao
Ecotoxicology
 
5.
Climate Change, Water Quality and Water-Related Challenges: A Review with Focus on Pakistan
Toqeer Ahmed, Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani, Miklas Scholz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
 
6.
Health risk assessment of nitrates and fluorides ingestion and geochemical evaluation of groundwater characteristics in semi-arid regions
A. Malik, A. Yasar, A. B. Tabinda, M. H. Iftikhar, S. Mukhtar
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
 
7.
Socio-enviro-economic (SEE) evaluation of drinking water in primary schools of Punjab, Pakistan
Ayesha Mohsin, Sana Akhtar, Hassan Mohsin, Salman Aslam
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 
8.
Water Contamination and Human Health Risks in Pakistan: A Review
Misbah Fida, Peiyue Li, Yuanhang Wang, S. M. Khorshed Alam, Abel Nsabimana
Exposure and Health
 
9.
Arsenic bioaccumulation in arsenic-contaminated soil: a review
N. H. Al-Makishah, Md. Abu Taleb, M. A. Barakat
Chemical Papers
 
10.
Public Perception of Drinking Water Quality and Health Risks in the District Vehari, Pakistan
Samina Khalid, Behzad Murtaza, Irum Shaheen, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shahid
VertigO
 
11.
Drinking Water Quality Status and Contamination in Pakistan
M. K. Daud, Muhammad Nafees, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Raees Ahmad Bajwa, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Farah Deeba, Waheed Murad, Ijaz Malook, Shui Jin Zhu
BioMed Research International
 
12.
The performance of microbial fuel cells treating vegetable oil industrial wastewater
S. Firdous, W. Jin, N. Shahid, Z.A. Bhatti, A. Iqbal, Umara Abbasi, Q. Mahmood, A. Ali
Environmental Technology & Innovation
 
13.
Geospatial mapping of microbial contaminants and public health risks in Lahore’s municipal water
Rida Rashid, Farhad Ali Shah, Rimsha Munir, Asim Iqbal, Wajiha Javed, Rida Batool, Ameem Lutfi, Nousheen Zaidi
Scientific Reports
 
14.
Arsenic Level and Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Vehari, Punjab Province, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Khalid, Camille Dumat, Sana Khalid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Muhammad Imran, Irshad Bibi, Iftikhar Ahmad, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Riaz Ahmad Tabassum
Exposure and Health
 
15.
Evaluating the impact of Nalla Lai contamination on drinking quality of groundwater in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan
Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Tariq Rafiq, Farzana Altaf Shah, Rukhsanda Aziz, Islamud Din, Ammar Yasir, Asif Iqbal
Water Practice and Technology
 
16.
Concentrations and human health risks attributed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water resources in China: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiaomei Hui, Anhui Li, Sheng Chang, Aihua Wang, Lu Wang, Chao Li
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
 
17.
A Review of Environmental Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Use for Crop Irrigation with a Focus on Low and High-Income Countries
Sana Khalid, Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Irshad Bibi, Tania Sarwar, Ali Haidar Shah, Nabeel Khan Niazi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
 
18.
Health Risks in Different Age Group of Nitrate in Spring Water Used for Drinking in Harnai, Balochistan, Pakistan
Jalil Ur Rehman, Nisar Ahmad, Niamt Ullah, Iftikhar Alam, Hamid Ullah
Ecology of Food and Nutrition
 
19.
Human health and ecology at risk: a case study of metal pollution in Lahore, Pakistan
Hafiza Hira Iqbal, Ayesha Siddique, Abdul Qadir, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Matthias Liess, Naeem Shahid
Environmental Sciences Europe
 
20.
A review of physicochemical and biological contaminants in drinking water and their impacts on human health
Ahsan Shah, Arun Arjunan, Ahmad Baroutaji, Julia Zakharova
Water Science and Engineering
 
21.
Factors controlling arsenic contamination and potential remediation measures in soil-plant systems
Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Zahida Zia, Sunaina Abbas, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Samina Khalid, Naeem Shahid, Muhammad Sajjad, Shah Fahad
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
 
22.
Biosorption and health risk assessment of arsenic contaminated water through cotton stalk biochar
Iftikhar Ahmad, Umme Farwa, Zia Ul Haq Khan, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shafique Khalid, Bo Zhu, Atta Rasool, Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Muhammad Tahir, Munir Ahmed, Salar Rezapour, Laura Bulgariu
Surfaces and Interfaces
 
23.
Global Arsenic Hazard
Saqib Bashir, Sanaullah Yasin, Safdar Bashir, Zubair Aslam, Waseem Hassan, Saadullah Khan Leghari, Nabeel Khan Niazi
 
24.
A meta-analysis of the distribution, sources and health risks of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Pakistan
Muhammad Shahid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Camille Dumat, Ravi Naidu, Sana Khalid, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Irshad Bibi
Environmental Pollution
 
25.
Evaluation of arsenic contamination and potential health risk through water intake in urban and rural areas
Atta Rasool, Said Muhammad, Muhammad Shafeeque, Iftikhar Ahmad, Fahad A. Al-Misned, Hamed A. El-Serehy, Salar Ali, Behzad Murtaza, Abid Sarwar
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal
 
26.
Sustaining our Environment for Better Future
Hafiz Waqas Kamran, Abdelnaser Omran
 
27.
Beliefs, Experiences, and Practices of Lady Health Workers in Facilitating Breastfeeding in Rural Communities in Pakistan
Nicola Singletary, Zoha Waqar Farooqi
Qualitative Health Research
 
28.
Arsenic Uptake, Toxicity, Detoxification, and Speciation in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects
Ghulam Abbas, Behzad Murtaza, Irshad Bibi, Muhammad Shahid, Nabeel Niazi, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Amjad, Munawar Hussain, Natasha
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
 
29.
Water Quality Index and Human Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in Selected Urban Areas of a Mega City
Rab Nawaz, Iqra Nasim, Ali Irfan, Amjad Islam, Ayesha Naeem, Nadia Ghani, Muhammad Atif Irshad, Maria Latif, Badar Un Nisa, Riaz Ullah
Toxics
 
30.
Quality assessment of drinking water sources in the upper Jhelum basin of Kashmir Himalaya, J&K, India
M. Imran Ganaie, Aisha Dev, Ishtiaq A. Mayer, Pervez Ahmed, Showkat A. Ganaie
International Journal of River Basin Management
 
31.
Sustainable Energy-Water-Environment Nexus in Deserts
Abdul Majid Khan, Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Ghulam Sarwar, Muhammad Ameen, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Farwa Rasool, Rabia Muneer, Sidra Javed
 
32.
A comprehensive review on water pollution, South Asia Region: Pakistan
Rabeea Noor, Aarish Maqsood, Azhar Baig, Chaitanya B. Pande, Syeda Mishal Zahra, Abu Saad, Mariyam Anwar, Sudhir Kumar Singh
Urban Climate
 
33.
Groundwater quality assessment and human health risks in Gujranwala District, Pakistan
Iqra Mazhar, Almas Hamid, Shahzad Afzal
Environmental Earth Sciences
 
34.
Mixtures of toxic organic micropollutants compromise the safety of water resources in urban agglomerations in low- and medium-income countries: The example of Lahore, Pakistan
Naeem Shahid, Hafiza Hira Iqbal, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Abdul Qadir, Martin Krauss, Saskia Finckh, Isaac Cheruiyot Tanui, Eric Carmona, Werner Brack
Environmental Pollution
 
35.
Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions and groundwater using agricultural biowastes-derived biosorbents and biochar: a column-scale investigation
Riaz Ahmad Tabassum, Muhammad Shahid, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Camille Dumat, Yongqing Zhang, Muhammad Imran, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Imtyaz Hussain, Sana Khalid
International Journal of Phytoremediation
 
36.
Arsenic Monitoring, Removal and Remediation
Mohammed Zia Uddin Kamal, Md. Yunus Miah
 
37.
Spatial disparities in household expenditure on safe drinking water in Pakistan: An application of geographically weighted regression
Sami Ullah Khan, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
 
38.
Global scale arsenic pollution : increase the scientific knowledge to reduce human exposure
Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Sana Khalid, Natasha
VertigO
 
39.
Assessing the physicochemical properties of surface/groundwater of Sudhnoti district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Impacts on lindane degradation by photocatalysis
Taj Ur Rahman, Lubna Saba, Ashraf Ali, Wajiha Liaqat, Sanaullah Khan, Javed Ali Khan, Muhammad Aurang Zeb, Sajjad Hussain, Eman Y. Santali, Changseok Han
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
 
40.
A mechanistic approach to arsenic adsorption and immobilization in aqueous solution, groundwater, and contaminated paddy soil using pine-cone magnetic biochar
Basit Ahmed Khan, Mahtab Ahmad, Nanthi Bolan, Abida Farooqi, Sajid Iqbal, Bede Mickan, Zakaria M. Solaiman, Kadambot H.M. Siddique
Environmental Research
 
41.
Evaluating drinking water quality and associated health risks in primary schools of Punjab: a multi-method approach combining conventional analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and geospatial mapping
Ayesha Mohsin, Sana Akhtar, Farhan Mohsin
Environmental Earth Sciences
 
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top