In this first reported study, the hydrodistilled volatile oils from the fragrant aerial parts (Ranunculus millefoliatus) and leaves (Acanthus dioscoridis) were investigated by GC-MS and GC-FID. In total 78 constituents, 46 and 44 compounds representing 92.5 and 92.57% of the volatile oil were identified from A. dioscoridis and R. millefoliatus respectively. The main volatile constituents of ADL-Oils were caryophyllene oxide (3.1%), E -phytol acetate (3.6%), (E)-β-ionone (3.7%), spathulenol (8.8%), phytol (15.7%), palmitic acid (23.0%). The major compounds of RMA-Oils were palmitic acid (4.89%), (E)-nerolidol (6.89%), α- copaen-11-ol (11.96%), γ-eudesmol (12.84%) and α-eudesmol (35.98%). The RMA-oils and ADL-oils displayed the cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ 12.28 and 15.44 μg/ml respectively. The antioxidant showed that the methanolic extract from RMA was stronger than ADL, with IC50 values (54 and 118 μg/ml) respectively. Likewise, the antioxidant activity of RMA-oils was found to be stronger than ADL-oils (43 and 105 μg/ml) respectively, compared with BHT (IC₅₀, 24 μg/ml), as a positive control.