ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Findings on Trends of Chromium and Lead
Bioaccumulation in Cirrhina mrigala in the Water
and Sediments of River Ravi
			
	
 
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				1
				Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore, Agriculture Department, Punjab, Pakistan
				 
			 
						
				2
				Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS),
Lahore, Pakistan
				 
			 
										
				
				
		
		 
			
			
			
			 
			Submission date: 2021-02-06
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Final revision date: 2021-08-08
			 
		 		
		
		
			
			 
			Acceptance date: 2021-08-30
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Online publication date: 2022-01-03
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Publication date: 2022-02-16
			 
		 			
		 
	
							
					    		
    			 
    			
    				    					Corresponding author
    					    				    				
    					Muhammad Akram Qazi   
    					Agriculture Department, Punjab, Pakistan., Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
    				
 
    			
				 
    			 
    		 		
			
																																																																													 
		
	 
		
 
 
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022;31(2):1285-1292
		
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Water pollution requires constant analysis and revision of water resource policy at all levels.
Unfortunately, waterways are polluted by illegal dumping of urban waste, industrial waste, and a
variety of human activities. Hazardous releases from industry are harmful to both human and animal
health and safety. The Ravi River is the largest river in Punjab, Pakistan, and its water quality has
deteriorated as a result of the inflow of municipal and industrial waste. As a result of this pollution, the
aquifer environment is deteriorating. This situation necessitates an assessment of the pollution level
in the Ravi and its sediments in order to make an urgent and ecological arrangement to preserve and
replenish the quality of the aquifer for long-term and safe use without interfering with the natural flow
of the environment. Samples of fish (Cirrhina mrigala), water, and sediment from three public fishing
sites in the Ravi River, Shahdra Bridge, Saggian Bridge, and Balloki Headworks, were collected on
a monthly basis from October 2015 to March 2016 to detect metal concentrations. Physico-chemical
parameters viz dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured on the
spot, while hardness, turbidity, and alkalinity were measured in the laboratory. The findings show that
the highest concentrations of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) are present in water, fish organs, and river
Ravi bed sediments at all three locations with statistically significant variations. Pb was slightly higher
for all fish organs compared to Cr. The highest concentration of chromium in water samples was found
in October 2015, while the lowest concentration was detected in February 2016. The study concludes
that all types of wastewater (sewage and agricultural waste) should be treated and tested for toxic heavy metals such as Cd and Pb prior to discharge into aquatic resources. Finally, for the protection of aquatic
life and to keep heavy metals out of the food chain, special attention must be paid to the enforcement
of all applicable laws and regulations.