Bengbu is the central city of Northern Anhui Province in the Huai River Basin, China. No relevant research has yet discussed the geochemical baseline of heavy metals in topsoil of Bengbu. In this study, 139 topsoil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal content from different districts in Bengbu main urban area, and the methods of normalization and cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) were used to determine the geochemical baseline. The results showed that the mean baseline values of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As were 40.10, 30.77, 31.41, 30.30, 54.23, 422.92, and 1.21 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these values, baseline factor pollution index (BFPI) and geoaccumulation index (I_geo) were applied to assess the enrichment level of the heavy metals. The mean indices (I_geo and K_i) for Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As were all I_geo < 0 and K_i ≤ 1.2, indicating there was no heavy metal accumulation in study area as a whole. I_geo showed that 1.44% and 0.72% of the samples for Zn and Pb were moderately accumulated, and BFPI showed that the high accumulation rates of Zn, As, Pb and Cu in the samples accounted for 6.47%, 4.32%, 1.44% and 0.72%, respectively, the enrichment of heavy metals at individual sampling points needs attention.