A novel composite photocatalyst (fly ash magnetic glass microsphere@BiVO₄, called FaBi), where the magnetic glass microsphere (from fly ash) was used as magnetic carriers for BiVO₄, was synthesized. The properties of composite photocatalyst were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS, UV-vis, magnetic hysteresis loop and DFT caculation. After the synthesis reaction, the smaller spherical BiVO₄ (2-4 μm) was successfully loaded on the surface of magnetic glass microspheres. The composite catalyst of FaBi had obvious ferromagnetism, and the saturation magnetization was 27.52 emu/g. The photocatalytic experiments results showed that the composite catalyst could effectively degrade MB (Methylene blue) in the solution under visible light excitation. The apparent degradation process of MB was satisfactorily fitted by the first-order reaction kinetics. After several times of recycling, the photocatalysis of the material remained basically stable. The photocatalytic degradation of MB in solution was mainly due to the direct oxidation of free holes and related free radical reaction. The efficient adsorption of MB from solution was ascribed to large specific surface area of composite catalyst. The adsorption process was well modeled by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption function enhanced the degradation effect of photocatalysis for target pollutant in solution. DFT calculation verified the photocatalytic properties of BiVO₄ (calculated energy band is 2.213eV) under visible light. The fly ash magnetic glass microsphere could be used as an excellent magnetic carrier for photocatalyst materials.