ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tissue-Specific Nickel Accumulation
and Detoxification in Pomacea insularum:
A Biomonitoring Tool for Freshwater Ecosystems
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1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-12-04
Final revision date: 2025-02-15
Acceptance date: 2025-05-01
Online publication date: 2025-07-03
Corresponding author
Chee Kong Yap
Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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ABSTRACT
This study investigates the tissue-specific accumulation and detoxification of nickel (Ni)
in Pomacea insularum, a freshwater snail, collected from 13 sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Ni
concentrations ranged from 3.24 to 33.38 mg/kg dry weight across eight tissues, including the shell,
cephalic tentacle, mantle, digestive tract (DT), foot, remaining soft tissues, pineal sac, and operculum.
The shell exhibited the highest Ni accumulation (22.12-33.38 mg/kg), serving as the primary long-term
repository, while soft tissues such as the DT (5.55-27.44 mg/kg), mantle (5.44-16.60 mg/kg), and foot
(4.49-10.14 mg/kg) played critical roles in initial Ni uptake and redistribution. A field transplantation
study further confirmed these findings, demonstrating significant Ni accumulation in soft tissues
within seven weeks of exposure to a polluted site, followed by substantial depuration upon transfer to
a cleaner environment. Correlation and factor analyses revealed strong interactions between soft tissues
and the shell, indicating a coordinated Ni detoxification and storage system. These results underscore
the suitability of P. insularum as an effective biomonitor for assessing both short-term and long-term Ni
pollution in freshwater ecosystems.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.