ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Tissue-Specific Nickel Accumulation
and Detoxification in Pomacea insularum:
A Biomonitoring Tool for Freshwater Ecosystems
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1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-12-04
Final revision date: 2025-02-15
Acceptance date: 2025-05-01
Online publication date: 2025-07-03
Corresponding author
Chee Kong Yap
Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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ABSTRACT
This study investigates the tissue-specific accumulation and detoxification of nickel (Ni)
in Pomacea insularum, a freshwater snail, collected from 13 sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Ni
concentrations ranged from 3.24 to 33.38 mg/kg dry weight across eight tissues, including the shell,
cephalic tentacle, mantle, digestive tract (DT), foot, remaining soft tissues, pineal sac, and operculum.
The shell exhibited the highest Ni accumulation (22.12-33.38 mg/kg), serving as the primary long-term
repository, while soft tissues such as the DT (5.55-27.44 mg/kg), mantle (5.44-16.60 mg/kg), and foot
(4.49-10.14 mg/kg) played critical roles in initial Ni uptake and redistribution. A field transplantation
study further confirmed these findings, demonstrating significant Ni accumulation in soft tissues
within seven weeks of exposure to a polluted site, followed by substantial depuration upon transfer to
a cleaner environment. Correlation and factor analyses revealed strong interactions between soft tissues
and the shell, indicating a coordinated Ni detoxification and storage system. These results underscore
the suitability of P. insularum as an effective biomonitor for assessing both short-term and long-term Ni
pollution in freshwater ecosystems.