Exposure to lead (Pb) in environmental and occupational settings is still a serious public health problem and may pose an elevated risk for developing metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate urine lead levels and lipid metabolism in residents of areas surrounding Xinxiang city, and to examine the relationship between urine lead levels and lipid metabolism in the area’s residents in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of lipid metabolism diseases and environmental management of the relevant departments in this area. Residents in the surrounding areas of Xinxiang city were selected and stratified successively. A stratified cluster questionnaire was used to collect data and conduct a physical examination, and blood lipid levels and urine metal levels were analyzed. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of lead in the urine and the amount of triglycerides in the samples (P<0.05). Urine lead levels in the hyperlipidemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The risk of hyperlipidemia increased by 1.332 times (95% CI = 1.055 – 1.682) for each quartile interval of urine lead concentration. This study confirmed that the urine lead level was significantly correlated with all metabolic syndrome variables. Lead content and lead emission in the environment should be reduced so as to reduce the occurrence of hyperlipidemia.