Chelant-induced phytoextraction is considered an ideal remedial technique for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. However, it can increase the risk of adverse environmental effects due to increased metal mobilization and the persistence of both chelants and metal-chelant complexes for extended periods of time. This paper reviews the mechanism, potential risks, and optimization of chelant-induced phytoextraction of toxic metals from contaminated soils. The advantages and major drawbacks of phytoextraction, along with possible strategies to reducing the risks associated with chelant application, are reviewed. Moreover, the directions for future research on chelant-assisted phytoextraction are briefly discussed. The objective of this paper was to comprehensively review chelant-assisted phytoextraction, and it will provide an effective and safe remediation technology for heavy metal-contaminated soils.