ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Contamination, Distribution and Health Risk
Assessment of Risk Elements in Topsoil for
Amusement Parks in Xi’an, China
| 1 | College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China |
| 2 | School of Public Health, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, China |
| 3 | Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi’an, China |
| 4 | School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Submission date: 2020-03-13
Final revision date: 2020-05-31
Acceptance date: 2020-06-05
Online publication date: 2020-09-09
Publication date: 2020-11-10
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2021;30(1):601–617
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
PollutionToxic substancesHuman health risk assessmentGeographical Information System (GIS)Heavy metalsHeavy metals contamination of soil
ABSTRACT
The index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) and the pollution load index (PLI) were used to assess the
pollution level and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk model was implemented
to determine the health risk for children. Besides, a geographic information system (GIS) was utilized
to map the distribution characteristics of risk elements contents. The results showed that: (1) the mean
content of Mn was the highest in each park. Besides, the mean content of all risk elements except As
exceeded the background value of Shaanxi in each park. (2) The Igeo of Co was obviously higher than
other elements in each park and the highest (4.07) content occurred in the Xing Qing Park (XQP). The
pollution condition of the Urban Sports Park (USP) was the most serious among the four parks. (3) The
children were more susceptible to risk elements pollution through oral intake. (4) The hazard indices
(HI) of non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) were within the safe range (HI = 1) and the carcinogenic risks
(CR) of Cr, Ni, As and Co for children were within the receivable range in each park.
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