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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Health Risk Assessments of Traffic Emissions
Impact on the Environment
1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, 1334111, Nigeria
2
Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology,
Ozoro, 1334111, Nigeria
3
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Delta State University of Science and Technology,
Ozoro, 1334111, Nigeria
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University,
P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University,
P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk,
Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
9
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-06-01
Final revision date: 2024-07-19
Acceptance date: 2024-08-03
Online publication date: 2024-12-16
Publication date: 2025-07-22
Corresponding author
Hilary Uguru
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, 1334111, Nigeria
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, 1334111, Nigeria
Rokayya Sami
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(5):5869-5888
KEYWORDS
Arc GIS geostatistical toolatmospheric particulateenvironmental risk assessmentheavy metals pollutionspatial distribution
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of particulate matter emissions from vehicular activities.
Plant (cashew) and atmospheric samples were collected from 22 locations along major roads in a Guinean
forest-savanna region. Standard procedures were employed to analyze PTEs (Ni, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Hg, and
Zn), chlorophyll, and pH levels of the PM2.5 and cashew leaves. The results demonstrated a significant
impact of road-related emissions on the metals, chlorophyll, and pH levels in cashew leaves and PM2.5.
The mean concentrations of As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn in the leaves were 0.155, 7.585, 9.432, 0.018,
5.171, 0.012, and 41.511 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the PTEs content in the PM2.5 was 0.0468, 0.5086,
0.2056, 0.0013, 0.3700, 0.0006, and 0.5423 μg/m3 for As, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn, respectively.
Also, the pH and chlorophyll levels ranged from 5.75 to 8.19, and 1.88 to 2.94 mg/g, respectively.
The non-carcinogenic health hazards (HI) and carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for the children and adult
categories were 3.84 x10-5, 3.47 x10-5 (HI), and 5.50 x10-8 4.97 x10-8 (TCR), respectively. The findings emphasize the urgent need for effective road management to mitigate environmental pollution caused by
vehicular emissions.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
