Copyright & Licensing

1. Copyright Transfer

Upon acceptance of a manuscript for publication, authors are required to sign a Copyright Status Form. By signing this form, authors transfer the copyright of their work (including the printed version and digital files) to HARD Publishing Company. This transfer enables the publisher to:

• Reproduce the work in any form (printed and digital).
• Distribute copies of the work.
• Communicate the work publicly via digital networks (Internet).
• Include the work in databases, multimedia systems, and cloud computing platforms.

This transfer is made free of any fees to the authors, in recognition of the professional publication, indexing, and dissemination services provided by the publisher.
While authors transfer copyright to the journal, all articles are published Open Access under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, allowing for non-commercial reuse and distribution

2. Licensing and Open Access

Both PJOES and PJOESPEAI are Gold Open Access journals. While the copyright is held by HARD Publishing Company, the works are published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.
This means that:

• Readers may freely share and adapt the material for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate credit is given.
• Commercial use of the published work by third parties is not permitted without explicit permission from the publisher.