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REVIEW PAPER
Plant Cell Suspension Culture for Plant
Secondary Metabolite Production: Current
Status, Constraints, and Future Solutions
1
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, and Health Informatics, Umm Al-
Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-07-31
Acceptance date: 2024-11-07
Online publication date: 2025-01-22
Publication date: 2026-01-29
Corresponding author
Mutasim M. Khalafalla
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, and Health Informatics, Umm Al- Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, and Health Informatics, Umm Al- Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):1-14
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, many of which are currently
extracted from naturally grown plants using solvent extraction. However, the continuous depletion of
plants poses a significant threat to plant species and their natural habitats, leading to the extinction of
many valuable and endemic species. Plant cell cultures present a promising alternative for producing
high-value secondary metabolites without needing entire plants. Despite reports of successful
secondary metabolite production from various medicinal plants using plant cell suspension cultures,
these initiatives often face challenges such as poor cell efficiency, slow growth, genetic instability of
high-producing cell lines, inadequate regulation of cellular differentiation, high costs, and difficult-tocontrol
contamination. Various strategies have been employed to address these challenges, including
optimizing nutrients and environmental conditions, using stress-inducing compounds, and selecting
high-producing strains. Recent advances in functional genomics and metabolite profiling offer
unprecedented opportunities to harness the biochemical capabilities of plants to produce and design
novel compounds. This review examines the historical background, status, constraints, prospects, and
economic benefits of using plant cell suspension cultures for secondary metabolite production.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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