ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Estimation of Rainwater Quality Using
GPS-derived Atmospheric Propagation Delay
and Meteorological Data
Prawit Uang-Aree1,3, Sununtha Kingpaiboon2, Kulyakorn Khuanmar1
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
3Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
3Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
Submission date: 2015-11-29
Acceptance date: 2016-02-06
Publication date: 2016-05-25
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2016;25(3):1271–1278
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
We investigated GPS-derived atmospheric propagation delays and meteorological data for estimating
rainwater quality by creating a regression model using the combinatorial group method of the datahandling
algorithm (COMBI GMDH). The dependent variable was the daily wet deposition, while the
independent variables were zenith hydrostatic delay, zenith wet delay, daily rainfall, and daily average wind
speed. The model had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.70 and a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The
mean absolute error (MAE) was 30.20, μmol/m2-day and the root mean square error (RMSE) was
40.94 μmol/m2-day. Accuracy testing to validate the model revealed an R2 of 0.95 with a correlation
coeffi cient of 0.98. The MAE was 12.14 μmol/m2-day and the RMSE 15.35 μmol/m2-day. Rainwater quality
could be estimated using GPS-derived atmospheric propagation delay (APD) and meteorological data.
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