ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Human Health Risk Assessment
of Organophosphate Esters in Urban Topsoils
of Shenyang, China
1 1 | Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of the Ministry of Education,
College of the Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Submission date: 2019-05-19
Final revision date: 2019-08-06
Acceptance date: 2019-08-08
Online publication date: 2020-02-25
Publication date: 2020-04-21
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2020;29(4):2731–2742
KEYWORDS
organophosphate estersspatial distributioncarcinogenic risknon-carcinogenic riskssensitivity analysis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The human health risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the urban topsoils of Shenyang, China
was assessed in this study. Seventy-four topsoil samples were collected and analyzed, and ΣOPE
concentrations varied from 0.0387 to 0.9522 mg/kg -dry weight (dw). OPE concentrations in east and
west Shenyang are high, but in the north and south are low. Compared with other studies, OPE pollution
levels are higher than farmland soils and lower than site soils, but are similar to other urban soils. The
carcinogenic risks ranged from 2.30 × 10-11 to 4.16 × 10-10 and 2.21 × 10-11 to 4.00 × 10-10 for adults and
children respectively. The non-carcinogenic risks ranged from 1.61 × 10-6 to 2.84 × 10-5 and 6.17 × 10-6
to 1.09 × 10-4 for adults and children, respectively – well below acceptable levels. Tris-(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate (TCEP) is the most important carcinogen, tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP),
2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP) are the most important
non-carcinogens. OPE concentrations are the most sensitive parameter that contributed the largest to
the total variance of risk, TCEP is the most influential variable for carcinogenic risk, and TCPP, EHDPP
and TiBP are the most influential variables for non-carcinogenic risk.
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