Eleven bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) populations were evaluated regarding usable traits (content of biologically active compounds in leaves and fruits). Habitat conditions and abundance in the above species also were characterized. The content of phenolic acids and tannins in leaves was distinctly higher in comparison to fruits for each analyzed population. The amount of arbutin in leaves varied from 1,000 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw (in Świerże Górne and Zakopane) to 2,400 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw (Piduń). The content of flavonoids amounted from 400 to 600 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw. The total amount of biologically active compounds in dry fruits was different for each investigated population. The content of anthocyanins varied from 490 to 1,640 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw, organic acids from 3,300 to 8,800 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw, total sugar from 4,800 to 8,500 mg⋅100 g^-1 dw.