Human ecological settlement environment gradually attracts attention due to the development of economy and urbanization. The development of human ecological settlement environment and the economy in the Yellow River Basin of China are in a relationship of mutual influences and constraints, so their coordinated development is of great importance. We evaluated the development index and coupling coordination among ecological environment, economy, and the residential environment in the Yellow River basin and analyzed the coordinated relationship. Based on the empirical analysis, we concluded that the overall ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is relatively well developed, and the economic development is relatively backward, and the residential environment is stable, with the development trend in the upper reaches slightly better than that in the middle and lower reaches. The overall coupling coordination in the Yellow River Basin is at the primary level, with a “W” pattern, and the regions are characterized by rising in the upper reaches, stable in the middle reaches, and falling in the lower reaches in terms of the development trend. Therefore, seizing the development opportunities, realizing regional joint and differentiated development, and insisting on the priority development of ecological environment will promote the coordinated development of human ecological settlement environment and economy in the Yellow River Basin of China.