China actively promotes green investment and sustainable business development, recognising that green technology and infrastructure investment can boost economic growth while lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Green investment does come with environmental, financial, regulatory, and political risks, though these can be managed to increase investors’ long-term success. The importance of green investment and sustainable business development research stems from the need to identify challenges and promote long-term economic growth. This study seeks to identify opportunities and challenges for sustainable business development in China and the potential of green investment to address environmental issues. According to the study, the number of workers in the renewable energy industry reached 3.6 million in 2019, 4.3 million in 2020, 4.7 million in 2021, and 5.4 million in 2022, with renewable sources accounting for 34.2% of China’s electricity production in 2022. Furthermore, China has reduced air pollution by using renewable energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. A study on green investment and sustainable business development in China has practical significance in identifying market potential for green products and services. Further research could lead to recommendations to improve China’s green investment landscape.