LETTERS TO EDITORS
Risk Analysis of Sewage Sludge - Poland and EU
Comparative Approach
P. Przewrocki1*, J. Kulczycka1, Z. Wzorek2, Z. Kowalski2,
K. Gorazda2, M. Jodko2
1 Polish Academy of Sciences, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Division of Strategic Research,
Wybickiego 7, 31-261 Kraków, Poland
2 Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Cracow University of Technology,
Warszawska 24, 31-015 Kraków, Poland
Wybickiego 7, 31-261 Kraków, Poland
2 Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Cracow University of Technology,
Warszawska 24, 31-015 Kraków, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2004;13(2):237–244
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach to sewage sludge management in both
Polish and European Union (EU) legislative systems. It starts with risk, which can be caused by sewage
sludge mismanagement. Also, technical aspects and boundaries of utilization and recycling routes are presented.
A comparison of national and EU legislation is also presented. The next part is devoted to sewage
sludge production, distribution and utilization in Poland. Finally, the influence of sewage sludge treatment
and utilization on health and environmental risk in Poland are presented.
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