The vertical distribution and stoichiometry characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) of soil profiles along an altitude gradient were investigated in Luofu Mountain, Guangdong. A total of ten sites at different altitude gradients in Luofu Mountain were selected and soil genetic horizon samples were collected. Soil physic-chemical properties, such as bulk density, soil particle-size composition, pH, SOC, TN, TP, total iron oxides (Fe_t), free iron oxides (Fe_d), amorphous iron oxides(Fe_o), CEC, etc, were determined to analyze the correlation of SOC, TN, TP, C:N ratio, C:P ratio, N:P ratio with altitude gradients, physic-chemical properties. Our findings suggest that with the increase of soil depth, SOC, TN, TP, C:N ratio, C:P, and N:P in Luofu Mountain decreased, While with the increase of altitude, SOC, TN, TP, C:P , N:P increased, C:N ratio increased, and SOC, TN, TP highly significantly or significantly correlated with altitude. Pearson correlation analysis showed that SOC, TN, TP had highly significant positive correlations with silt, Fe_o, Fe_o:Fe_d, CEC. SOC and TN were highly significantly or significantly negatively correlated with clay, bulk density, Fe_t, Fe_d. TP had highly significant negative correlation with bulk density; C:N ratio, C:P ratio and N:P ratio showed highly significant positive correlation with CEC, while were highly significantly negatively correlated with bulk density, Fe_t, Fe_d. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that bulk density, clay, CEC, Fe_t, Fe_o and sand had highly significant effect on the stoichiometric characteristics of SOC, TN, TP, while altitude, pH, Fe_d, Fe_d:Fe_t ratio and Fe_o:Fe_d ratio had no significant effect. It was found that bulk density, clay, CEC, Fe_t and Fe_o are main soil physic-chemical factors that regulate the stoichiometric characteristics of SOC, TN, TP at different altitudes in the study area.