In recent years there has been a growing interest in hazards having a microbiological source, resulting from the direct transmission of microorganisms from the natural environment, which may result in inducing diseases in people and animals. This study aimed at determining the survival of pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes in water and sewage from the meat industry plant, depending on diversified temperature conditions, as well as the assessment of sanitary and epidemiological risks resulting from the ability of determined microorganisms to live in a water environment. On the basis of our research, it was found that Listeria monocytogenes showed the longest survival time both in water and sewage at 4ºC, where the maximal survival time of those microorganisms determined on the basis of the regression analysis amounted to 120 and 141 days, respectively. The results obtained in the experiment present important data concerning the survival of the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes in sewage and the water environment, and at the same time they draw attention to the need for a constant monitoring of effluents from the meat industry plant, as well as the surface waters within the range of influence of those facilities on pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms.