ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Effects of Lead and Cadmium Pollution
on Functional and Morphological Development
of Middle School Students from Jastrzębie-Zdrój
and Katowice
Władysław Mynarski1, Michał Rozpara2, Daniel Puciato3, Jerzy Eider4
1Chair of Tourism and Recreation, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice,
Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
2Chair of Active Forms of Tourism and Recreation, Opole University of Technology,
Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
3Chair of Geography and Economics of Tourism, Opole University of Technology,
Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
4Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin,
Piastów 40b, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
2Chair of Active Forms of Tourism and Recreation, Opole University of Technology,
Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
3Chair of Geography and Economics of Tourism, Opole University of Technology,
Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
4Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin,
Piastów 40b, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2011;20(4):1001–1007
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Based on the 1999-2006 annual reports of the Regional Environmental Monitoring System, differences
in somatic and functional traits were evaluated among middle school students residing in cities with different
levels of cadmium and lead air pollution. The sample consisted of 240 girls and 276 boys from Jastrzębie-
Zdrój and Katowice aged 13 to 15 years. Place of residence and gender were independent variables, whereas
dependent variables included morphological, muscular-motor, and cardiorespiratory components of healthrelated
physical fitness (H-RF). Intergroup differences (between adolescents from Jastrzębie-Zdrój and
Katowice) were assessed using Student’s t-test for independent samples, separately for boys and girls. The
results indicate that functional traits, in particular VO2max and motor coordination, are more sensitive to negative
effects of environmental factors than anthropometric characteristics.
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