ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Bio-Methane Production from Maize with Varying
Nitrogen Levels and Harvesting Times
under Semi-Arid Conditions of Pakistan
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1
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
3
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, 22620 Haripur, Pakistan
5
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
7
YanTai Institute, China Agriculture University, YanTai, China
Submission date: 2021-08-28
Final revision date: 2021-10-14
Acceptance date: 2021-10-31
Online publication date: 2022-02-24
Publication date: 2022-04-06
Corresponding author
Athar Mahmood
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022;31(3):2213-2221
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ABSTRACT
To ensure energy security and greenhouse gas emission, the world has decided to look for more
sustainable and renewable energy sources. Biogas production from agricultural biomass is a fast
growing market in the world. Suitable energy crops include maize, clover grass, alfalfa, sorghum,
sudangrass, miscanthus and many others. Management considerations of energy crops such as
harvesting time and nitrogen (N) application considerably influenced the biomass yield, quality of crop
along with bio-methane production. Therefore, field study was conducted to determine the impact of
harvesting times (HT) and nitrogen rates on the biomass yield of maize and production of bio-methane
from it. The variable NR and HT, had a substantial influence on morphological, and compositional traits
and bio-methane production. The N application at 200 kg ha-1 produced the taller plants, with maximum
leaves, leaf area, biomass yield, protein contents, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber
(NDF), and lignin contents. In addition to that higher nitrogen rate (200 kg ha-1) produced higher
methane production however, it remained the same with 150 kg N ha-1. Harvesting at 65 DAS produced
the maximum taller plants with maximum leaf area, biomass yield and had maximum ADF and NDF
which negatively affected the specific methane yield. Moreover, harvesting at 65 DAS produced
maximum methane yield (MP) due to higher biomass yield (BY). It is concluded that N application @ 150 kg ha-1 and harvesting at 65 DAS can be suitable for getting the higher bio-methane production
under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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