The industrial green development of oil and gas resource-based cities is a way towards “green industry” and an essential process in industrial development. Based on the actual situations of oil and gas resource-based cities, the entropy weight-TOPSIS model is used to measure the industrial green development levels of oil and gas resource-based cities in China during 2004-2018, and the evolution trend and characteristics of the industrial green development of the oil and gas resource-based cities were evaluated from two perspectives of overall system and sub-system. The results demonstrate that the industrial green development levels of the oil and gas resource-based cities are generally low and vary significantly among cities; According to the variation of the industrial green development levels of the oil and gas resource-based cities, some cities show a similar variation trend over the 15 years, while some cities show great differences in the industrial green development level over the 15 years; The ranking of the sub-system nearness degrees of the industrial green development levels of different oil and gas resource-based cities in China varies greatly over the 15 years. In view of the findings, we recommend that cities increase investments in environmental protection projects, introduce clean production, and establish foundations of industrial green development.