This paper studies the impact of geomorphic and topographic evolution on environmental planning so as to lay the foundation for future rural environmental planning in Jinan. This paper analyzes the impact of landform evolution on environmental planning and introduces the types of spring rural settlements in hilly landforms and intermountain plains, respectively. On this basis, an artificial neural network is used to reflect the dynamic change law of spring water and is combined with a fuzzy evaluation method to evaluate the impact of underground space development in Jinan on spring water and human activities. Through empirical analysis, it is known that artificial neural networks can accurately detect the dynamic change law of spring water, and on this basis, fuzzy evaluation methods are used to design the impact of spring water-rural settlement landscape planning. The impact of spatial development on spring water is divided into four levels: the stronger impact area, the strong impact area, the general impact area, and the small impact area of underground space development on spring water, which account for about 1.036%, 1.001%, 0.371%, and 97.591% of the total area of the study area, respectively.