The fragile ecological environment and serious soil erosion in the karst rocky desertification area, which have become important factors restricting the development of agricultural economy. This paper analyzed the rainfall factors and soil loss of different soil and water conservation measures by regularly observing different soil and water conservation measures in the runoff plot of the karst plateaumountain. The results showed that: 1) The use of multiple spatial structures of the land had a significant effect on preventing and controlling soil erosion by comparative analysis of different soil and water conservation measures. 2) Reasonable planting mode had little effect on runoff producing of soil, and its corrosion resistance was ranked only second to soil conservation measures. Therefore, changing the way of human interference with nature and following the laws of nature will help to reduce the damage for the ecological environment. 3) By analyzing the relationship between rainfall, average rainfall intensity, rainfall erosivity and sediment content, rainfall intensity had no significant effect on soil loss, rainfall intensity was one of the factors that produce soil erosion. The relationship between average rainfall intensity and sediment content in water conservation forest was R² = 0.95, the linear fitting formula was y = 0.2771x + 3.4629. The average rainfall intensity of corn and broad beans (high-groove planting) and the sediment content were Pearson’s significant correlation (R₂ = 0.91), the linear fitting formula was y = 0.7685x – 3.839. The sediment content varies with the average rain intensity, and the correlation was significant. Rainfall intensity was an importa