Pollution and control on highway surface runoff have become a serious problem in highway environmental protection. Constructing a highway in a water conservation district could bring benefi ts as well as a variety of environmental pollution and potential damage. Based on water conservation district sensitivity and highway runoff characteristics, the current paper analyzes the impact of highway runoff on water quality in the water source protection area. It hasn’t yet had a good and mature process with respect to the drainage of the drinking water source reserves of domestic highways. It was designed as a concentrated drainage treatment system to process the drainage of sensitive sections as outlined in this paper. Highway surface runoff characteristics were studied by monitoring, investigating, sampling, and analyzing the Renhuai-to- Chishui highway (RCH), and then the concentrated drainage treatment system was designed, and the water is collected piecewise along the route. The processing system can not only effectively deal with road surface runoff of the water source protection area, but also to cope with risk. Combined with the actual situation of water source conservation areas around RCH, we have carried out a detailed demonstration of the drainage system in order to mollify the contradiction between the water resource protection area and development of traffi c in the water reserves. The results showed that the processing rates – as high as 83.17-93.77% – and the concentrated drainage treatment system could guarantee effl uents meeting discharge standards. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the concentrated drainage treatment system in RCH and establishes an advanced technology for highway surface runoff control.