High-quality development has become an inevitable requirement for China’s economic and social development in the new era. The coordinated development of the economy, technology innovation, and ecological environment is the key to achieving high-quality development. This study used entropy weight and a degree of coupling coordination model to construct the economy, technological innovation, and ecological environment system (ETES) to analyze the coupling coordination relationship among the three subsystems in Anhui Province from 2010-2019. The results show that (1) from the temporal perspective, the degree of coupling coordination in ETES shows a significant improvement, with a change from imminent imbalance to quality coordination. (2) From the spatial perspective, there are differences among cities, and the number of regions with a low degree of coupling coordination is greater than that with a high degree of coupling coordination. Additionally, the degree of coupling coordination in southern Anhui is significantly better than that in northern Anhui. The results suggest that governments at all levels should develop and deploy differentiated strategies according to the characteristics and positioning of their own regions to achieve balanced and high-quality regional development.