Three kinds of soil with different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination were collected, and diesel was added to soil to prepare two kinds of diesel-contaminated soil. The radish was planted in five kinds of soil through a pot experiment, and the concentration and composition of PAHs in radish were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet and fluorescent detector. The PAH contribution in aboveground parts of radish from atmospherically deposited particulates was studied, and the health risk of ingesting contaminated radish was assessed. Results showed that PAH concentrations (196.2-982.6 ng/g) in the parts of radish found underground were significantly higher than in aboveground parts (129.7-556.7 ng/g, p<0.05). Predominant PAH compounds in radish were the 3- and 4-ring PAHs, accounting for 78.1-92.7%. In general, the values of root concentration factors (RCFs: 0.30-0.55) were significantly higher than shoot concentration factors (SCFs: 0.19-0.39, p<0.05). Atmospherically deposited particles contributed less than 1% of the PAHs in aboveground parts of radish, which indicated two things: the atmospheric particles had a slight effect on the PAH content in aboveground parts of radish , and the soil contributed more to PAH accumulation in aboveground parts of radish than the particles. The total toxicity equivalence quotient in radish grown in diesel-contaminated soil samples was higher than in other types of soil. Ingestion of radish planted in five kinds of soil had no carcinogenic risk to children, adolescents, and seniors; whereas ingestion of radish from heavily contaminated and diesel-contaminated soil samples had carcinogenic risks to adults. This study highlights the accumulation and potential health risks associated with cultivation and consumption of radish in soil with different contamination levels and sources of PAHs.