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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plant Biomass
from the Mixed Culture of Zea Mays
and Phaseolus Vulgaris, and Potential Biomass
Use for Methane Production
1
Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 400/1, 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic
2
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno,
Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
3
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno,
Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
4
Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno,
Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Submission date: 2026-01-09
Final revision date: 2026-06-16
Acceptance date: 2026-07-27
Online publication date: 2026-09-10
Corresponding author
Jakub Elbl
Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Contemporary agriculture has to face many challenges that are connected with climate change but
also with the intensive form of farming. Soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, droughts, soil degradation
and pollution with heavy metals (HM) are only a few of the problems. In the presented study, the term
“heavy metals” is used operationally to denote metallic elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn and Fe),
investigated in relation to their accumulation in plant biomass and their potential effects on the process
of anaerobic digestion. The use of mixed cropping systems can be an efficient tool to reduce some of
these negative aspects. In this study, a possible use of the mixed cropping system (MCS) including Zea
mays and Phaseolus vulgaris for phytoremediation processes and methane production was assessed in
a two-year experiment. The crops were grown on fields with naturally abundant HM. The HM were
accumulated more in legumes than in maize variants. There were no significant differences between
HM concentrations in the pure maize culture (M) and maize grown in the MCS. The highest biological
accumulation coefficient (BAC) was observed in Cd (1.06) in Variant M in 2021. The calculated
theoretical methane yield (TMY) per field growth area (m3/ha) indicated that using the MCS composed
of maize and bean led to a higher theoretical methane yield. TMY of the MCS was higher than TMY of
the pure maize culture (M) on average by 9.61% in 2020 and by 28.07% in 2021.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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