Carbon productivity is a special indicator that coordinates economic development and climate resource protection. Similar to carbon productivity, electricity carbon productivity (ECP) is defined and researched in our paper since it is an effective way for China’s power industry to realize the low-carbon development path. In this work we have applied the multi-dimensional decomposition method to ECP time series decomposition in order to explore the contributions of technological improvement and structure adjustment for each industrial sector from the final electricity aspect. Moreover, the time-dependent changes of ECP for the period of 2000-14 are researched considering the effects of accumulated technological improvement and structure adjustment. According to the decomposition results, a roadmap for raising carbon productivity by reducing emissions with a minimal impact on electricity demand is provided.