ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessing the Potential of Roadside Olive as Bioindicator of Metal Pollution in Comparison to Farmland Olive
 
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1
Department of Botany, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
 
2
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
 
3
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
 
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
 
5
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
 
6
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
 
 
Submission date: 2023-12-15
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-02-21
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-04-20
 
 
Online publication date: 2024-09-04
 
 
Corresponding author
Rumana Sadiq   

Department of Botany, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
 
 
Usman Zulfiqar   

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Heavy metal pollution is a stern global environmental challenge due to its long-term persistence in the environment and bioaccumulating nature. The vehicular emanations having traces of various heavy metals result in contamination of roadside plants and soil. A comparative investigation has been planned between olive varieties Arlik and Gemlik, collected from two sites; roadside and farmland Kallar Kahar. The potential for heavy metal accumulation was explored by comparing the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant responses of both varieties from two different sites. Soil and mature olive leaves were sampled, labeled, and brought to the Botany Lab, at the GC Women’s University of Faisalabad, for further analysis. The sampling was completely randomized with three replications. The roadside soil showed a high concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn and low concentrations of Na and K in comparison to farmland soil. The findings depicted that both Arlik and Gemlik olives experienced high metal stress under roadside conditions. Roadside olive varieties had smaller leaf areas, high fresh and dry weights, fewer amounts of chlorophyll A and B, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proteins, and total free amino acids as compared to farmland olives. However, phenolics, MDA, anthocyanin, and proline antioxidants were greater under roadside stressed conditions. The concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn heavy metals and BAF were higher in both varieties of olive collected from the roadside as compared to farmland. The comparison among varieties showed that Arlik performed far better than Gemlik at both sites.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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