Examining spatial network patterns and factors influencing the development of the green economy in typical urban agglomerations in China is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and achieving sustainable economic development. In this study, we utilized the SBM-GML model and a modified gravity model to analyze the roles and status of different regions in the spatial correlation of green economic development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. We also employed social network analysis to visualize the spatial correlation structure and influencing factors. The research results indicate that the development of green economy is showing a fluctuating upward trend, accompanied by complex network structure characteristics. Cities such as Chizhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai exert significant control over other cities. The analysis of the block model indicates close intercity communication across various sectors, with heightened activity observed in the southeastern coastal areas. Moreover, the central region effectively enhances connectivity within the urban cluster, leading to notable spillover effects in certain cities. Government macroeconomic regulation, environmental regulation, industrial structure, external development, green innovation, and the level of new urbanization emerge as significant factors influencing the formation of the spatial correlation network of green economic development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration