In order to reveal the characteristics of groundwater circulation in a typical basin in the mine area, the groundwater of different aquifers in Fuyuan Laochang Town, east of Qujing City, Yunnan Province, was taken as the research object. The recharge characteristics of groundwater in the study area were determined, and the material sources of the main constituents of groundwater were identified. Also, the water-rock interaction processes occurring in the study area were identified by analyzing conventional water chemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The results show that the anions of water samples in the study area are mainly SO₄^2- and HCO₃^-, while the cations are mainly Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. The groundwater in the study area is mainly recharged by local atmospheric precipitation, and water vapor condensation may exist in the pit water and some underground water samples. The water-rock interaction in the study area is dominated by the lixiviation of carbonate and sulfate minerals, accompanied by silicate lixiviation and ion exchange, and the groundwater is mainly controlled by rock weathering. Domestic sewage and coal mining activities lead to the content increase of NO₃^- and SO₄ ^2- in groundwater, as well as the excess of iron and manganese ions. The corresponding results can provide a scientific basis for the protection, development, and utilization management of local groundwater resources.