Campus noise pollution affects the study, work efficiency, and physical and mental health of teachers and students, which urgently requires scientific monitoring and precise governance. Therefore, this paper takes a university as an example to carry out noise pollution monitoring on the university campus and constructs a fuzzy comprehensive model integrating subjective and objective factors to evaluate environmental safety. Grid-based noise pollution monitoring was conducted at 38 time periods through 19 pre-set monitoring points to obtain continuous equivalent sound level (Leq) data; meanwhile, 380 questionnaires were used to explore the perception characteristics of noise among teachers and students. The heat map method was adopted to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution, and the noise pollution index method was used to quantify the pollution degree. On this basis, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was introduced to judge the acoustic environment quality of the university campus from multiple dimensions. The results show that the average daytime sound level of the campus is 58.2 dB(A) and the nighttime average is 48.4 dB(A), which generally meets the Class 1 standard, but local areas such as roads at the school gate and sports areas exceed the standard. The dormitory area is listed as a priority governance object by 81.6% of the respondents, and the subjective annoyance is highly correlated with the measured sound level (r = 0.64). This method is superior to the single mode of traditional limit comparison, realizing a closed loop of “perception-monitoring-evaluation”, and providing technical support for experimental methods and data analysis for the optimal governance of campus acoustic environment.