This paper aims to guide understanding of the different types of optimization problems of water distribution networks by presenting a survey of mathematical models and algorithms used to solve the variants of said networks. Problems include water resource planning, water quality management, water supply networks, water distribution systems, water flow and chemical transport, and water distribution network. Optimizing resources to transport water is an issue of global interest and is important to minimize the costs of construction of pipeline to supply water, repair costs, and water transportation.