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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
REVIEW PAPER
The Current State of Molten Salt Technology
for Halogen-Containing Solid Waste Treatmen
1
Institute of Circular Economy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology,
Beijing 100124, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
3
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
4
School of Fashion Accessory, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
5
Centre for Infrastructural Monitoring and Protection, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,
Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Submission date: 2025-05-07
Final revision date: 2025-11-23
Acceptance date: 2026-01-08
Online publication date: 2026-02-26
Corresponding author
Wei Zhang
Institute of Circular Economy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Institute of Circular Economy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Halogen-containing solid wastes have become a global challenge due to their complex composition
and potential environmental hazards. Molten salt technology (MST), as an efficient thermal treatment
method, utilizes high-temperature molten salts as the reaction medium to effectively degrade organic
compounds, capture hydrogen halides, and suppress dioxin formation, while simultaneously enabling
metal recovery and carbon reduction. This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in molten
salt technology for the treatment of halogen-containing solid wastes, including the reaction
characteristics, thermodynamic mechanisms, and applicability of alkaline, carbonate, nitrate,
and composite molten salt systems. Through a multi-criteria analysis framework, the advantages
and disadvantages of different molten salt systems are compared, and optimized technical routes are
proposed for mixed waste streams. The study reveals that the Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃ ternary carbonate
system exhibits excellent performance in organic destruction and removal efficiency and halogen
capture, while the NaOH-KOH low-melting-point system offers advantages in energy consumption
and equipment simplicity. The innovation of this work lies in the first proposal of a “multi-criteria
comparison framework” and the identification of future research priorities. This study provides
academic insights and technical guidance for green hazardous waste management and promotes
the transition toward a circular economy.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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