A small-plot field experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of the three-field system of crop rotation and cereal monoculture on grain yield and quality and the economic effectiveness of durum wheat production. The experimental factors were tillage systems (TS): 1) conventional tillage (CT), 2) reduced tillage (RT) and 3) no tillage (NT); crop sequence (CS): 1) crop rotation A: pea – durum wheat – spring barley; 2) crop rotation B: pea – spring wheat – durum wheat; 3) cereal monoculture (CM): spring barley – spring wheat – durum wheat. The highest yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) was recorded for crop rotation A, a significantly lower one for crop rotation B, and the lowest for cereal monoculture. The grain yield in CT was also higher than in NT (by 17.3%). The wet gluten content in grain, sedimentation index and the grain weight per volume were to a larger extent dependent on CS than TS, while the content of protein in grain – on TS rather than on CS. From the economic point of view, the best results were recorded for CT of wheat and for crop rotation A: pea – durum wheat – spring wheat. The study also showed that monoculture was not profitable, even with an NT system.