Many factors determine the quality of the growth and development of cotton. To compare their influences on the quality of the growth and development of cotton, nine different irrigation modes, including flood irrigation, drip irrigation under a film, and subsurface irrigation under a film, are considered at other lower limits as the influential factors and are regarded as the optimal indices in this paper. A synthetic assessment model is established according to relevant experimental results based on the AHP-TOPSIS theory, and the accelerated genetic projection pursuit algorithm to analyze and compare the different schemes, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical results. The results show that subsurface irrigation under a film with a lower irrigation index limit of 70-75% of the field water capacity is the best scheme for the growth and development of cotton; with this scheme, the cotton production can be increased. The conclusions provide a specific theoretical basis for selecting future irrigation modes in arid areas.