According to the World Health Organization, air pollution contributes to shortened life expectancies of UE citizens by an average of 8.6 months. The aim of our study was to see if there is a relationship between exposure of inhabitants of cities to air pollution and the length of their lives, excluding deaths caused by external causes. Average annual concentrations of air pollutants such as PM10, benzo(a)pyrene, cadmium and lead in PM10 were based on data from the measuring stations, while the concentrations of dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls were their own measurements. The average women’s and men’s life expectancies in 11 cities in the year 2015, after excluding accidents and suicides, were calculated on the basis of the registry of deaths. Inequalities in men’s and women’s life expectancies are significant between cities and there is a relationship between exposure to air pollutants and the length of men’s and women’s lives in each city, demonstrating a very strong correlation in the male population. An effective tool for identifying significant risk factors affecting human health seems to be the multiple regression model.